Photo is of "Moses", a guide at Giza 1989

Moses, Dudimose, and the Proposed Exodus Chronology

Introduction

The Egyptian pharaoh you were referring to is Dudimose (also called Dedumose), rather than Thutmose.

Dudimose is significant because a minority historical reconstruction, particularly David Rohl's “New Chronology,” proposes that Dudimose was the Egyptian pharaoh associated with the biblical Exodus. This reconstruction places the Exodus roughly 200–300 years before the reign of Ramesses II, rather than during the traditional “Ramesside” setting often proposed for the Exodus.

It is important to distinguish this reconstruction from the conventional chronology used by most Egyptologists. The Dudimose identification depends upon substantially revising Egyptian chronology.

---

1. Who was Dudimose?

Dudimose/Dedumose was an Egyptian king associated with the troubled period between the Middle Kingdom and the Second Intermediate Period.

His exact chronological position is disputed, and different chronological systems place him considerably differently.

The significance of Dudimose for the Exodus question comes from an attempt to connect him with Tutimaeus/Tutimaios, a king mentioned in the Egyptian historical tradition preserved by the later Egyptian priest Manetho.

David Rohl argues that this figure can be connected with Dudimose and that the political circumstances surrounding the end of his reign fit the biblical Exodus.

This identification is not accepted as established fact by mainstream Egyptology.

---

2. Moses and Sobekhotep IV

One of the most interesting parts of Rohl's reconstruction is the proposed identification of Khaneferre Sobekhotep IV with the Egyptian ruler during the early part of Moses' life.

The proposed sequence is:

Sobekhotep IV
↓
Moses is raised in Pharaoh's household
↓
Moses kills an Egyptian
↓
Moses flees Egypt
↓
Moses spends 40 years in Midian
↓
Dudimose becomes Pharaoh
↓
Moses returns to Egypt
↓
The Ten Plagues
↓
The Exodus

The biblical account states that Moses spent forty years in Midian before returning to Egypt.

Rohl uses that biblical period as an important chronological bridge between the proposed reign of Sobekhotep IV and the proposed reign of Dudimose.

---

3. Proposed chronology

Under Rohl's New Chronology, the approximate reconstruction is:

Approx. date BCE	Person/Event	Proposed connection
~1670	Joseph	Joseph rises to power in Egypt
Later	Israelites multiply	Israel becomes a large population in Egypt
~1568–1563	Sobekhotep III	Proposed period of increasing oppression
~1530–1508	Sobekhotep IV	Proposed Pharaoh during Moses' early life
~1508	Moses flees Egypt	Beginning of the 40 years in Midian
~1508–1468	Moses in Midian	Biblical 40-year period
~1450–1446	Dudimose	Proposed Exodus Pharaoh
~1447	Exodus	Israel leaves Egypt

These dates belong to Rohl's reconstruction rather than the conventional Egyptian chronology.

---

4. Joseph in the reconstruction

Rohl's reconstruction attempts to place Joseph much later than conventional Egyptian chronology normally does.

Joseph is placed around 1670 BCE.

The proposed sequence is:

Joseph arrives in Egypt
→
Joseph becomes a powerful administrator
→
Egypt experiences famine
→
Jacob's family settles in Egypt
→
Israel's population grows
→
A later Pharaoh no longer regards the Israelites favourably
→
Israel becomes enslaved
→
Moses is eventually born.

This is an attempt to connect the biblical narrative with Egyptian political history rather than treating the biblical chronology and Egyptian chronology as completely separate systems.

---

5. Moses' 40 years in Midian

The forty years are particularly important to the Dudimose theory.

The biblical narrative gives Moses three major periods of his life:

40 years in Egypt

↓

40 years in Midian

↓

40 years leading Israel

The first transition occurs when Moses flees Egypt.

According to the Rohl reconstruction, this flight occurs during the reign of Sobekhotep IV.

Moses then spends approximately forty years in Midian.

He subsequently returns to Egypt during the reign of Dudimose.

This creates a chronological relationship:

Sobekhotep IV → 40 years → Dudimose

That is one of the principal reasons Rohl's reconstruction is attractive to people looking for a specific Pharaoh associated with Moses.

---

6. Dudimose as the Exodus Pharaoh

The proposed identification is:

Dudimose = Exodus Pharaoh

The argument is not based on an inscription saying that Dudimose was Moses' Pharaoh. No such inscription is known.

Instead, the argument is based on chronology and correlations between different historical traditions.

The proposed reasoning is roughly:

1. Moses lived in Egypt.

2. Moses was associated with Pharaoh's household.

3. Moses fled Egypt.

4. He spent forty years away.

5. He returned to Egypt.

6. Egypt subsequently experienced the events described in Exodus.

7. Dudimose's reign occurs at approximately the proposed date.

8. The end of this period is associated with major political changes in Egypt.

9. Manetho preserves a tradition involving a ruler called Tutimaeus/Tutimaios and a period of foreign domination/expulsion.

10. Rohl proposes that this tradition can be connected with Dudimose and the Exodus.

The identification is therefore a historical reconstruction, rather than something directly demonstrated by an Egyptian inscription.

---

7. Manetho and Tutimaeus

The Egyptian priest Manetho, writing many centuries after the events traditionally attributed to Moses, produced a history of Egypt.

His work survives mainly through quotations by later writers, particularly Josephus and other ancient authors.

Manetho's account contains a king called Tutimaeus/Tutimaios in connection with the Hyksos period and the loss of Egyptian control.

Rohl proposes that this name can be connected with Dudimose.

If that identification were correct, it could potentially provide an Egyptian historical tradition corresponding to the political upheaval described in Exodus.

However, there are significant uncertainties:

• Manetho wrote much later than the supposed Exodus.

• His original work has not survived intact.

• His chronology is complicated.

• The identification of Tutimaeus with Dudimose is disputed.

• The connection between Manetho's account and the biblical Exodus is an interpretation rather than an established historical fact.

---

8. The Hyksos

The Hyksos are another important part of the discussion.

They were foreign rulers who controlled significant parts of northern Egypt during the Second Intermediate Period.

The conventional Egyptian chronology places the Hyksos period considerably earlier than the proposed date of the Exodus in Rohl's reconstruction.

Rohl's New Chronology moves parts of Egyptian history relative to conventional chronology.

This allows him to create a different sequence in which the biblical Exodus and Egyptian political upheaval can be brought closer together.

The relationship between:

Israelites → Exodus → Canaan → Hyksos

is therefore one of the major chronological questions in the debate.

---

9. Why Ramesses II is often proposed instead

A more familiar Exodus theory places the event in the 13th century BCE, during or around the reign of Ramesses II.

One reason is that Exodus 1:11 refers to the Israelites building the store cities Pithom and Raamses.

Because the name “Raamses” resembles Ramesses, some interpreters associate the Exodus with the Ramesside period.

That produces a substantially later chronology than the Dudimose theory.

The two broad models can therefore be represented as:

Earlier Exodus model

~15th century BCE

Sobekhotep IV
↓
Moses flees
↓
40 years
↓
Dudimose
↓
Exodus

Later Exodus model

~13th century BCE

Ramesside Egypt
↓
Israelite oppression
↓
Moses
↓
Exodus

The existence of the place-name “Raamses” is one reason the later model has traditionally received considerable attention.

However, place names can have complicated histories, and the presence of “Raamses” in the biblical text does not by itself establish the identity of the Exodus Pharaoh.

---

10. The major chronological problem

The biggest issue with the Dudimose theory is that mainstream Egyptian chronology does not place these rulers in the sequence proposed by Rohl.

Rohl's New Chronology substantially revises the conventional dates of Egyptian history.

Consequently, accepting:

Sobekhotep IV → Moses → Dudimose → Exodus

requires accepting a much broader chronological reconstruction.

This is why the question cannot simply be answered:

“Dudimose ruled around 1450 BCE, therefore he was Moses' Pharaoh.”

That statement would present a dispute

 Book on Amazon

 

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Children will be given the pill in schools and babies at birth. we may have to have a few wars to reduce the population and couples will only be allowed two children 

 

Of course I just made all that up. But something like that is on the way, thanks to ai and the corrupt tyrants that run it, like our government.

Scientists Just Found Evidence That Ancient Egypt Had a Female King 5,000 Years Ago

Scientists Just Found Evidence That Ancient Egypt Had a Female King 5,000 Years Ago

 

Vice,  By Luis Prada, September 21, 2026

Over 5,000 years ago, a royal named Meretneith was the big boss of ancient Egypt. She was long known as a major player during the First Dynasty, which scientists figured out because her tomb was loaded with enough gold and rich stuff to put her on par with male pharaohs. But just how important she was during her time wasn’t exactly known.

Now, according to new research published in Prague Egyptological Studies, she was pretty important because she was a full-blown King of Egypt. 

The discovery started with an old black-and-white picture of a mud jar stopper dating back to the 1940s. An Egyptologist named Walter B. Emery found 13 of those stoppers in Saqqara, an Egyptian village home to an ancient mausoleum filled with Egyptian royalty. He claimed the hieroglyphs featured Meretneith’s name wrapped in a serekh, the official royal emblem reserved exclusively for legitimate rulers. Academics have long argued that the photo quality was simply too terrible to make such a definitive claim. Modern researchers just proved Emery right. Scientists Enhanced an Old Photograph and Discovered an Ancient Egyptian King Was a Woman

The research team partnered with a digital technician at Macquarie University to clean up the blurry picture to give themselves a crisp and clear view of the ancient ink. The results confirmed that Emery was right — Meretneith shared the same royal mark as male kings, meaning that she was a king herself, not just some power player sitting on the sidelines watching someone else rule.

This makes Meretneith the second recorded female ruler in Egyptian history to sport the serekh. Her rule was pretty interesting in itself, as she shifted roles from co-regent alongside King Djer to an interim ruler to the mother of another king. She was Girl Boss-ing it long before that cringy term ever existed, which she would have actively rejected anyway, since part of what makes her fascinating is that the researchers say she actively rejected the common titles associated with governing.

LIBERATION: A Song with words by Alun Buffry

From Dot to Cleopatra: A Complete History of Ancient Egypt

 From Dot to Cleopatra on Amazon

rom Dot to Cleopatra: A Concise History of Ancient Egypt is Alun Buffry's historical guide to ancient Egyptian civilisation, first published in 1997 by Frontier and later republished by ABeFree Publishing. The original edition is listed at 232 pages, while the current edition is substantially longer.

What the book covers

The book attempts to take the reader on a journey through the whole span of ancient Egyptian history, beginning before recorded history and continuing through the pharaohs to the death of Cleopatra VII—and, according to the publisher's description, somewhat beyond it. It covers:

• The early development of Egyptian civilisation
• The pharaohs and dynasties
• Egyptian gods and mythology
• The pyramids
• The Sphinx and other monuments
• Obelisks and mummies
• Egyptian geography and the Nomes (administrative regions)
• Archaeological discoveries
• Legends and historical mysteries
• Theories about ancient Egypt
• A guide to visiting ancient Egyptian sites
• Tables listing pharaohs and gods

The British National Bibliography classifies it under Egyptian civilisation and history to 332 BC, although the book's own description extends the story through Cleopatra VII, whose death was in 30 BC.

Buffry's approach

What seems distinctive about the book is that Buffry is trying to make an enormous and complicated subject accessible to a general reader. The publisher describes it as a "plain-speaking guide" that assumes no previous knowledge of Egyptian history. Rather than giving you a highly academic specialist study, it tries to guide you through thousands of years without getting overwhelmed by names, dates and dynasties.

The book also seems to have a balanced-but-curious attitude toward mysteries. The publisher's description says Buffry was trained in science and did not accept claims without evidence, but also did not automatically dismiss theories simply because he disagreed with them.

Why the title is interesting

The title From Dot to Cleopatra is deliberately broad. "Dot" suggests the beginning of everything—before conventional written history—while Cleopatra represents the end of the traditional pharaonic story.

In that sense, the book is really asking: How did one of the world's earliest great civilisations develop, flourish and eventually come to an end?

A useful way to think about the book

I'd describe it as sitting somewhere between:

A history book — because it gives a chronological account of Egypt.

A reference guide — because of its tables of pharaohs, gods and other information.

A mystery book — because it discusses the unanswered questions and theories surrounding ancient Egypt.

A travel companion — because it includes guidance on ancient sites for people visiting Egypt.

That combination makes it potentially useful for someone who wants an accessible introduction to Egyptology, rather than a narrowly academic study. The publisher specifically says it can be read quickly or dipped into repeatedly as a reference.

The other interesting detail is that Buffry himself has a longstanding personal connection with Egypt and later wrote Myhat in Egypt – Through the Eyes of a God and included his Egyptian travels in Heads, Hats and Tall Tales.

My overall impression: From Dot to Cleopatra seems best understood as Buffry's attempt to make the entire story of ancient Egypt approachable, while retaining a sense of wonder about the things we still don't know. It isn't presented as a conventional specialist Egyptology textbook; its appeal is the breadth of the journey and the author's willingness to explore both established history and the enduring mysteries of Egypt.

AncientA 

Scientists Found a 4,000-Year-Old Tomb—With a Door No Living Human Could Open

 Scientists Found a 4,000-Year-Old Tomb—With a Door No Living Human Could Open 

POPULAR MECHANICS
 By Elizabeth Rayne Published: Sep 16

The false door inside was meant for the soul to enter and leave the afterlife at will.

 Here’s what you’ll learn when you read this story:

• Buried in the necropolis of Saqqara around 4,000 years ago, Sekhentyu-Ptah was an elite of society whose tomb was recently discovered by archaeologists excavating the area.
• Inscriptions on funerary objects indicate that he had several roles, including priest and supervisor of the king’s works and documents.
• There was also a false door in the tomb, not to fool potential looters, but instead for the deceased to enter and leave the afterlife at will.

---

Among the sands of the Egyptian desert lies Saqqara, a necropolis where the first pharaohs and elites of the Old Kingdom were buried in tombs known as mastabas that were carved out of limestone. It was in one such tomb that the mummified body of a high-ranking official known as Sekhentyu-Ptah began his journey to the afterlife. While the tomb has long since been looted, it still offers a glimpse into life and death at the dawn of pharaonic rule 4,000 years ago.

According to Egypt’s Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities, archaeologists discovered Sekhentyu-Ptah’s tomb while excavating the Bubasteion necropolis at Saqqara. The necropolis takes its name from the Bubasteion, a temple complex dedicated to the cult of Bastet, where worshippers from the Nile Delta city of Bubastis venerated the feline goddess and left offerings. Although the temple itself was built long after Sekhentyu-Ptah’s time, there’s evidence that the cult of Bastet had already formed during the Old Kingdom: vessels depicting the goddess in her cat and lioness forms have been found at the Step Pyramid of Djoser, built around 2650 B.C.E. And while the tomb may not have been directly associated with the cult of Bastet, its surviving artifacts illustrate the life and afterlife of an official who held many senior titles in Egyptian society.

More From Popular MechanicsTypes of Vacuum Brush Rolls

When the archaeological team investigated this tomb, they encountered a false door in the remains of a funerary chapel. A common sight in Egyptian tombs, “doors” like this one were once thought to deter and confuse grave robbers, but they were actually intended for the dead instead of the living. Ancient Egyptians believed that the deceased could enter and exit the afterlife at will through a door that no human alive would be able to open. In front of the false door, priests or mourners placed several funerary objects, among them a purification basin, an offering table, and an offering disk. Hieroglyphic inscriptions on these items identified them as belonging to Sekhentyu-Ptah and listed his titles, of which there were many: a royal chamberlain, supervisor of the king’s works, supervisor of the king’s documents, supervisor of scribes, and priest of the goddess of order and justice Ma’at, according to a statement from the ministry.

 Priests of Ma’at functioned as judges. They sought to resolve disputes by upholding the principles of truth and balance, which every Egyptian was expected to live by (rather than strict legalities), and dishonesty was a severe violation. Serving Ma’at must have helped Sekhentyu-Ptah in the afterlife. Egyptians feared the consequences of the goddess weighing the sins in their hearts against a feather and finding the heart was heavier, in which case the soul would be thrown down to the jaws of Ammit, the crocodile-headed devourer of the dead with the forelegs of a lion and the hindquarters of a hippopotamus. Embalmers sometimes placed a scarab over the heart of the deceased in the process of mummification, so any questionable deeds could be hidden and the heart would appear pure enough not to outweigh the dreaded feather.

Saqqara is a UNESCO World Heritage site for good reason. It is an archipelago of tombs that includes relics of the Old Kingdom and burials from later periods. Also revealed near the tomb of Sekhentyu-Ptah was a network of burial shafts that looters also raided in antiquity, but which still contained human remains and funerary objects. Archaeologists also uncovered more than a hundred shabti figures, servant statuettes intended to take on every task in the afterlife while their master luxuriated in the Field of Reeds. Shabtis originated as a humane alternative to sacrificing a pharaoh’s actual servants, and at first they accompanied only royals to the tomb. But after artisans devised a way to mass-produce the figures—crafted from faience, an earthenware coated in blue, green, or turquoise glaze—they eventually became accessible to most Egyptians.

My Amazon Author Page: Alun Buffry

 MY AMAZON AUTHOR PAGE 

showing my books.

H: TRANSPARENT BUTTERFLIES: A Song: words by Alun Buffry

 

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LYRICS

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PREM RAWAT SONGS 

Lessons Learned

You are unique - there is,never was and never will be another you - it took the Universe many billions of years to make you out of once was and one will be again, star dust - dust that walks and talks, thinks and ponders, like and dislikes, is liked and not liked, eats and drinks and produces waste ...

 So, VALUE yourself, respect yourself,  don't worry about what others think or say about you.

Three rules for every living thing: we come through the wall of birth and head to the wall of death, kept apart by the Breath - appreciate that and give gratitude for it(to whoever or whatever you want), for without it we will not be here, on Earth.

Appreciate and try to enjoy our time here - seek peace, joy and fulfilment within as it is unlikely that the world or other people will lead you there.

Do not try to build oneself up by putting others down.

Do not waste time moaning or worrying about that which it is not within your power to change, but focus alone or together on what can be improved better for us all.

Keep the company of those that we like and want to be like - walk away from those that are not in keeping with who we want to be.

Don't strive for success in the eyes of others - just BEING HERE you are a success and no opinion should deny that!

Don't argue over beliefs - everyone has their own and they are only beliefs -focus on what you KNOW.

Get your inner candle lit - it must surely be better to live in the Light of Knowledge of SELF than in the darkness of ignorance and fear.  

Do not envy or be jealous of others - be happy with the fact that you are alive and that is the greatest think of all.

KNOW YOURSELF - your truth self, not just your mind or body - but who you really are - and for those that don't know, seek that first - and for those that do, maybe try to help others find their way.

Try to follow your "heart" rather than just your thoughts.

Try to enjoy life without harming others or ones surroundings.